You may feel pain, numbness, tingling or cold in the parts of your body that have bad circulation. How does poor circulation affect my body? People who are older than age 40, are overweight, have diabetes and don’t get much exercise are more likely to have poor circulation. When cells don’t have the oxygen they need, they can’t function well. The biggest problem with poor circulation is that your cells aren’t getting as much oxygen as they need. Obstacles in your blood vessels make it hard for blood to get through, especially when trying to reach the parts of your body that are the longest distance away from your heart ― your fingers and toes. Like a delivery driver who runs into problems and delays along his route, blood can hit detours and roadblocks along the way. Problems happen when something goes wrong with some part of the delivery system or the valves that control which direction your blood goes. It’s a continuous cycle of bringing oxygen and other necessities to your cells and taking away waste from your cells. When your heart, veins, arteries, capillaries and other blood vessels are healthy, they can give your cells everything they need in an efficient way. Furthermore, it could provide a precise measurement of clinically relevant cardiac functions, specifically heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.Poor circulation happens when something interferes with your complex, far-reaching circulatory system that delivers blood, oxygen and nutrients to your entire body. In conclusion, a simple and low-cost method can be used to study blood flow in zebrafish embryos for compound screening. The results are in line with previous studies that used expensive instruments and complicated software analysis to assess cardiovascular function. While IBMX decreased the stroke volume only. Moreover, it also demonstrated that MS222 treatment reduced 50% of the stroke volume and cardiac output. This study showed that MS222 significantly decreased the heart rate, whereas IBMX increased the heart rate. Compared to normal embryos, MS222- and IBMX-treated embryos had a reduced blood flow velocity by approximately 72% and 58%, respectively. MS222 is a common anesthetic, while IBMX is a naturally occurring methylxanthine. Therefore, by using this method, the potential side effects on the cardiovascular performance of ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS222) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) were evaluated. In addition to blood flow velocity and heart rate, the effect of drug treatments on other cardiovascular function parameters, such as stroke volume and cardiac output remains to be explored. Moreover, Stack Difference and Time Series Analyzer plug-in were used to detect dynamic pixel changes over time to calculate the blood flow rate. The red blood cell movement was tracked by using the TrackMate plug-in in the ImageJ image processing program. In addition, Hoffman lens was used to enhance the blood cell contrast. Three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish embryos were mounted with methylcellulose and subjected to video recording for tracking blood flow under an inverted microscope equipped with a high-speed CCD camera. This study aimed to develop a simple and cost-effective method to measure blood flow in zebrafish by using an image-based approach.
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